Unicornuate uterus heightens risk of ectopic pregnancy and lower birth weight

According to the findings of a recent study, unicornuate uterus (a minor subset of congenital uterine anomalies) is linked with augmented risks of ectopic pregnancies, abnormal presentation rates, and lower neonatal weight. Unicornuate uterus is related to perinatal and obstetric complications. Therefore, this research sought to examine reproductive outcomes in women with unicornuate uterus and contrast these with outcomes in infertile patients lacking Müllerian anomalies.

Data from infertile patients (aged 18-40 years) with a unicornuate uterus (75 patients) were analyzed retrospectively and compared to a control group (75 patients) with similar age and infertility duration. Differences in demographic data, cycle parameters, and reproductive outcomes were examined. Out of the 116 pregnancies in the unicornuate group and 91 in the control group, those with a unicornuate uterus had substantially higher rates of ectopic pregnancies (10.3% vs. 2.2%) and malpresentations (29% vs. 0%).

Newborns from unicornuate pregnancies weighed less (3000 g vs. 3455 g). However, there were no vital differences in live birth rates or preterm deliveries between the two groups. While a unicornuate uterus was associated with specific risks such as ectopic pregnancies, non-optimal presentations, and lower birth weights, overall reproductive outcomes like live births and preterm deliveries were similar to those in women without this uterine anomaly. Patients with this rare congenital anomaly should receive targeted counseling and close monitoring throughout their reproductive journey.